There is a broad consensus that expansion of cropped areas and pastures are a major source of. Reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries. Kaimowitz center for international forestry research cifor, san jose, costa rica cabi publishing in. Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture deborah lawrence and karen vandecar tower, groundbased and satellite observations indicate that tropical deforestation results in warmer, drier conditions at the local scale. Pdf impact of deforestation on climate change iosr. Deforestation figures show nigeria has the worst rate in the world of 55. Proximate or direct drivers of deforestation and forest degradation are human activities and actions that directly impact forest cover and result in loss of carbon stocks.
When people do deforestation, they should conduct reforestation to avoid the negative impacts. Deforestation is the clearing of trees without the intent of replacing them or reestablishing a stand of trees. Typically, deforestation is clearing a lot of trees without the intention of establishing future growth. Our experience with plantation forestry as it has developed this century offers us an excellent platform for rising to these. The drivers of tropical deforestation can be summed up as complex socioeconomic processes that are impossible to isolate a single cause. The challenges of deforestation and forest degradation in the context of climate change, development and biodiversity loss on 26 and 27 may 2014, some 120 representatives of eu member states, third countries, international organisations, the private sector, ngos and research organisationsthink tanks. Tropical deforestation contributes as much as 90% of the current net release of biotic carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. According to estimates by the food and agriculture organization in 2010. Much of the forest clearing in southeast asia is driven by. No deforestation and responsible sourcing guidelines 2 4 public 4 april 20 we will prefer suppliers who are actively implementing similar no deforestation principles in all their operations. Deforestation causes, effects and impacts aims and objectives 1. Deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and co2. According to united nations food and agriculture organization fao, we lose over 7 million hectares of forest every year.
In many countries, people clear land to use it for other purposes, such as agriculture, pasture land, and urban development. Basic concepts of deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation 2. Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a nonforest use. United nations framework convention on climate change fact sheet. Peter harries university of south florida department of geology committee member.
With new learned knowledge, students will participate in a socratic seminar via the lens of an ambassador from a country that is suffering from deforestation. The rise of industrialization has worsened the problem with deforestation. There are increasing instances of invasion and animal killing. Angelsen center for international forestry research cifor,bogor, indonesia and department of economics and social sciences agricultural university of norway as, norway and d. Deforestation deforestation regrowth undisturbed forest forest fragments figure 1. Introduction the climate protection through avoided deforestation clipad program is a development project of the government of lao pdr gol, supported by the federal government of germany. The advantages and disadvantages of deforestation must encourage a transition to different bioenergy resources if we want to stop future issues. Deforestation, forest degradation, biodiversity loss and co2 emissions in riau, sumatra, indonesia one indonesian provinces forest and peat soil carbon loss over a quarter century and its plans for the future wwf indonesia technical report. Why deforestation happens deforestation occurs in many ways. Historical causes of deforestation while we are just now realizing the harmful effects that deforestation is having, the destruction of the forests has been going on since the dawn of man. Deforestation topic background deforestation is defined as the cutting, clearing, and removal of the earths forests on a large scale.
It is a serious environmental concern since it can result in the loss of biodiversity, damage to natural habitats, disturbances in the water cycle, and soil erosion. The draining and burning of peatlands for agricultural production mostly oil palm in southeast asia is another major contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. Deforestation is the process of cutting down trees and clearing land. Deforestation and forest degradation represent a significant fraction of the annual worldwide humaninduced emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the main source of biodiversity losses and the destruction of millions of peoples homes. Road construction is among the most concerning causes of deforestation, because roads encourage urbanization the cause of 10 percent of deforestation and the transformation of forests into commercial agriculture land. Addressing drivers of deforestation and forest degradation. Deforestation in myanmar land and atmospheric effects. A metaanalysis of proximate and underlying causes of deforestation based on subnational case study evidence.
Report on the assessment of drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in houaphan province 5 4. Pakistans forest resources are shrinking at a rate of one percent which will have dreadful effects on the people of pakistan. A critical study of the literature about deforestation in the. There is a clear correlation between deforestation and the prices of soybean. Significant emissions reductions will be needed from many sectors and forests alone cannot solve the problem of climate change. Some of these efforts center on reducing co 2 emissions from deforestation, since. Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation edited by a. Deforestation can be defined as the largescale removal of trees from forests or other lands for the facilitation of human activities. The destruction of tropical rainforests deforestation. Deforestation definition, causes, effects, and control. The class will discuss and list out all the causes of deforestation as a group and define the word deforestation individually as an exit ticket. Frey, tropical deforestation in the amazon, issues in political economy, 2002, vol. Deforestation is one of the major causes to the environmental degradation which is affected by the agents like small farmers, ranches, loggers and plantation companies. Deforestation can also occur to produce the wood and organic materials needed for a variety of industries.
The role of drivers in national forest monitoring and in developing forest reference emission levels. Agricultural technologies and tropical deforestation. Lambin, eric iii landuse and landcover change lucc project iv. Deforestation and forest degradation in the congo basin. The dark areas are forest, the white is deforested areas, and the gray is regrowth. Consequences of population growth and unsustainable agricultural processes megan clark abstract located in the indian ocean just off the east side of africa, madagascar is an island country struggling with problems of deforestation and soil erosion, like many other african countries. Most of the clearing is done for agricultural purposesgrazing cattle, planting crops. The changes in area of forest by region and subregion are shown in table 1. Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to nonforest land use such as arable land, urban use, logged area or wasteland. Learn reasons for deforestation and discover the consequences of this process in all. The latest deforestation news is included at the foot of the page. Essay on the meaning of deforestation essay on the history of deforestation in india essay on the causes for deforestation essay on the effects of deforestation essay.
Deforestation and forest degradation represent a significant fraction of the annual worldwide humaninduced emission of greenhouse gases. Despite localregional causes, its consequences are global. These changes are more challenging to observe and forecast from local effects, since they take place over a longer time scale and can be difficult to measure. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. Deforestation causes the carbon in the trees to go into the air again, and this causes more carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Apr, 2017 after forest clearing occurs, an influx of settlers comes in and disturbs the peace of the small villages in the area. Deforestation and forest degradation deforestation and forest degradation are the biggest threats to forests worldwide. Effects of deforestation and forest degradation on forest carbon stocks in collaborative forests, nepal article pdf available in international journal of conservation science 34.
There are so many disadvantages to deforestation that the benefits seem horribly disproportionate. Forests must play a meaningful role in any effort to stabilize the atmosphere at a level sufficient to avoid dangerous climate change. Tropical deforestation is responsible for about 20% of world greenhouse gas emissions. Over the longer term, deforestation of tropical rainforests can have a broader impact, affecting global climate and biodiversity. These forest regions still provide valuable services for the local. Another most noticeable impact of deforestation is the increasing humanwildlife conflict. Shrinking forests can cause widereaching problems, including soil erosion, water cycle disruption, greenhouse gas emissions and biodiversity losses. Indeed some 31 countries do not even make the list because they have already removed most of their forests and even if that remain are seriously fragmented and degraded. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. As a result, this land use prohibits farmers from utilizing the same area for more than a couple of years. Deforestation, which is the loss of wild forest habitats due to human activity, has grown into a global problem as demand for wood climbs. Consequences of population growth and unsustainable agricultural processes megan clark abstract located in the indian ocean just off the east side of africa, madagascar is an island country struggling with problems of deforestation and soil. This section looks at a deforestation definition, causes of deforestation, effects of deforestation, solutions to deforestation and deforestation facts. The effects of deforestation range from standard environmental like changes in the atmosphere and biodiversity, to economical impacts.
The causes and effects of deforestation dont make sense unless the only thing we care about is money. It is a complex issue full of uncertainties and controversies. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of. Large scale deforestation is predicted by climate models to have far reaching effects on rainfall patterns, but the details are uncertain.
In this case, agriculture is the main immediate driver of deforestation, which is influenced by underlying factors, such as the expansion of. Marsfm working paper 5 2007 forestry department food and agriculture organization of the united nations manual on deforestation, degradation, and fragmentation using remote sensing and gis prepared by giri tejaswi rome, march 2007 strengthening monitoring, assessment and reporting on sustainable forest management in asia gcpint988jpn. It consists of a complex of social, political, economic. Deforestation and climate change congressional research service summary efforts to mitigate climate change have focused on reducing carbon dioxide co 2 emissions into the atmosphere. Pdf effects of deforestation and forest degradation on. According to study around seventy percent of the worlds animals and plants live in forests and due to deforestation they are quickly losing their habitats and loss of their habitats can even lead to their extinction as well. Philippines deforestation threats and reforestation issues. Illegal logging is the primary cause of deforestation. Suppliers with credible longterm programs to improve the use of existing cultivation areas, e.
Deforestation is consequently an important potential source of carbon. Degradation of astanding forest, like deforestation, reduces carbonstorage,thequalityofspecieshabitat,andtheprovision of local ecosystem services, such as water quality. Although tropical deforestation meets some human needs, it also has profound, sometimes devastating, consequences, including social conflict and human rights abuses, extinction of plants and animals, and climate changechallenges that affect the whole world. The decreasing forest cover is limiting the habitats of many species due to which is forcing them to intrude with human welfare 36. The file below are questions that relate to all 3 videos in this section.
Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, deforestation causes global warming. Harvesting, forest fires, and insect infestations do not count as deforestation because the affected areas will eventually grow back. Objectives 1 this study aims to examine the spatiotemporal patterns of deforestation and forest carbon flux in the entire myanmar between 2001 and 2010. Population can increase deforestation by increasing the supply of labor and the local demand for agricultural products, but population growth occurs simultaneously with other rural economic expansion that increases deforestation pressure, and an increase in cleared land can support a greater population. Many of the worlds rainforests are being destroyed. Carefully and systematically analysing and comprehensively addressing all direct and underlying drivers of. This book provides a general view about deforestation dynamics around the world, incorporating analyses of its causes, impacts and. Over half of the tropical forests worldwide have been destroyed since the 1960s, and every second, more than one hectare of tropical forests is destroyed or drastically degraded. A couple of years ago, the philippine congress released a study that said about 123,000 hectares of the countrys forest cover are lost every year. Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to utilize the land or trees. Pakistan is not selfsufficient in wood based products and spends billions of rupees on import of wood and wood based products. The causes attributed to deforestation are multivariate in nature, interrelated and differ at local, national as well as regional scale. Earlier was deforesting 1530s which was a legal term for the change in definition of a parcel of land from forest to something else.
Boahene african society for environmental management, po box 2205, 3500 ge utrecht, the netherlands. The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. Instead of using wood and charcoal for fuel, we can create energy with residues, wastes, and even algae. There is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven from outside forestry sector e. Concluding remarks there is a clear linkages between deforestation and worlds demands of fiber, food, and fuel understanding the underlying or indirect causes of deforestation is crucial to address redd and climate change most deforestation is driven. United nations framework convention on climate change. Reading about the consequences of deforestation can really get a person down. Report on the assessment of drivers of deforestation and. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Effects of tropical deforestation on climate and agriculture. This book provides a general view about deforestation dynamics around the world. Causes and effects of deforestation deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses.
The context of deforestation and forest degradation in bolivia. Understanding the regional or global impacts of deforestation on climate, and ultimately on agriculture. Without trees, the nutrients will easily wash away leaving infertile soil. According to fao, deforestation is the conversion of forest to another land use or the longterm reduction of tree canopy cover below the 10% threshold. Causes, effects and control strategies 5 deforestation are maintained. This change may represent as much as 20% 30% of the total carbon flux due to humans, i.